If you’ve recently been diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) or are just keen to learn more about this common heart condition, you’ve come to the right place. We spoke to cardiologist Dr Nigel Stephens to help clarify what AF is, how it impacts your health, and the treatment options that are available.
What is atrial fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation, often abbreviated as AF, is a heart rhythm disorder that affects millions of people, especially as they age. It occurs when the heart’s upper chambers, known as the atria, start to beat irregularly and chaotically. Instead of the heart maintaining a steady rhythm, it beats rapidly and unpredictably. This irregular activity can cause the heart to pump less efficiently.
How does atrial fibrillation affect you?
When AF first occurs, it can be quite noticeable. Many people with AF report:
- A racing or irregular heartbeat
- Shortness of breath
- Unusual tiredness or fatigue
These symptoms can significantly impact your day-to-day life, as they may reduce the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively. This can lead to a decrease in your overall energy levels and may make you feel unwell.
What causes atrial fibrillation?
F can stem from various factors. Dr Stephens explains that common causes include:
- Age: As we get older, the likelihood of developing AF increases.
- Thyroid problems: An overactive thyroid gland can sometimes trigger AF.
- Heart conditions: Issues like heart valve disease or heart failure can lead to AF.
- Genetics: For some individuals, AF might be hereditary, especially if it appears at a younger age.
To pinpoint the cause, your doctor might carry out several tests, such as blood tests to assess thyroid function, an ECG (electrocardiogram) to monitor heart rhythms, and an echocardiogram to examine the heart’s structure and function.
How is atrial fibrillation treated?
Treatment for AF focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications, such as stroke. Here’s a rundown of typical treatment approaches:
- Medications: Initial treatment often involves medications to control the heart’s rhythm and rate. Digoxin is one of the drugs commonly used to help manage the heartbeat and improve heart function.
- Stroke prevention: Since AF increases the risk of blood clots, which can lead to strokes, your doctor will assess your risk using a scoring system called CHA2DS2-VASc. Based on your score, blood-thinning medications might be prescribed to reduce the risk of clots.
- Restoring normal rhythm: If medications don’t fully manage the symptoms, a procedure known as electrical cardioversion may be recommended. This involves giving the heart a controlled electric shock to restore a regular rhythm. The procedure is done under sedation, and about 75% of patients find it effective and lasting.
- Treating underlying conditions: If AF is related to another heart condition, such as a faulty valve or heart failure, addressing these underlying issues is essential.
- Advanced treatments: For some patients, when medications and cardioversion don’t work, a procedure called ablation may be considered. During this procedure, doctors use a catheter to deliver energy to specific areas of the heart, isolating and destroying the faulty electrical circuits causing AF. Although it involves general anaesthesia and has some risks, ablation can significantly improve symptoms for many people.
Living with atrial fibrillation
Managing AF often involves a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and regular check-ups with your healthcare provider. While living with AF can be challenging, understanding your treatment options and working closely with your doctor can help you maintain a good quality of life.
If you have concerns about AF or its treatment, consult with your healthcare provider for personalised advice and support. Keeping informed and proactive about your health can make a significant difference in managing the condition effectively.
Dr Nigel Stephens is a leading consultant cardiologist based in London, specialising in the diagnosis and treatment of heart rhythm disorders, including atrial fibrillation. With extensive experience in managing complex cardiac conditions, Dr Stephens is known for his expertise in both traditional and advanced treatment methods.
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